{"id":5287,"date":"2025-07-31T18:00:36","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T18:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/?p=5287"},"modified":"2025-07-16T12:29:20","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T12:29:20","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%89-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/?p=5287","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0645\u062a” \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0647\u0645\u0648 – \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a (Synonymy) \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621” (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646: 49) \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u0631<\/p>\n

\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641” \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0639 “\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631” \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0643<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0647<\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0646\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0643<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0632\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u062e\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0646\u0641\u0636 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0642<\/p>\n

\u0646\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0643<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0623\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u062d\u0628<\/p>\n

\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646: 60)<\/p>\n

\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a “\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0629”\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0646\u0648”\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b: “\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0632\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u061f” \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634: “\u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u062e\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u061f” \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u062f \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647 “\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627” \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647: “\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0631”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a (Antonymy) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0645\u062a” \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 “\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u062e\u0628” \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b”:<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0639<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n

\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062f\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0623\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629..<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0644\u0639\u064f \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646:7-8)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 “\u0635\u0645\u062a” \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 “\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 “\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 “\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 “\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629: “\u0623\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629..”\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f “\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f” \u0639\u0643\u0633 “\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629” \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/strong>\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 (Hyponymy) \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621([v]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0638\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0623\u0643\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631” \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0641\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u063a\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0639<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646:47-48)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629” \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0636\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642” \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627” \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639:<\/p>\n

\u0631\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064f\u0631\u062f\u062a. (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646:51-52)<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0636\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0636\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646… \u0627\u0644\u062e. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062c\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0631” \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0627\u062a (Collocation) \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0646\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0635 \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646” \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0647:<\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0637\u0637\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0642\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0649..<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0644\u0645\u064a…<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646:23-24)<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647” \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062b\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c “\u062e\u0637\u0637\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0642\u064a”\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f “\u062e\u0637\u0637\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0642\u064a”\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647 “\u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0649”\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 “\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0649” \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639”\u060c \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\/ \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 “\u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633…. \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628” \u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a (homonymy) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a (homograph) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a (Homophony). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f” \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 (Raed)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 (Astronaut)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (Pioneer)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0647\u0645\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0649” (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646: 79)<\/p>\n

\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0642<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629…<\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a “\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629”\u060c \u0648”\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629”\u060c \u0648”\u062d\u0642\u0644”.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[i]<\/strong><\/a>–<\/strong> \u00a0F. R. Palmer, (<\/strong>1976<\/strong>), Semantics, Cambridge University Press, <\/strong>1<\/strong>st<\/sup><\/strong> Ed, Cambridge. <\/strong><\/p>\n

[ii]<\/strong><\/a> –<\/strong> \u00a0John Lyons, (1977), Semantics, Cambridge University Press, 1st<\/sup> Ed, Cambridge. <\/strong><\/p>\n

[iii]<\/strong><\/a> – F. R. Palmer, (1997), Semantics: A New Outlines, Cambridge University Press, 2nd<\/sup> Ed, Cambridge, Pp 59- 78. <\/strong><\/p>\n

[iv]<\/strong><\/a>–<\/strong> \u00a0F. R. Palmer, Pp 92- 100.<\/strong><\/p>\n

[v]<\/strong><\/a>–<\/strong> \u00a0A. P. Cowie, (2013) Semantics, Oxford Press, Oxford. Pp 9-10.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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