{"id":6807,"date":"2025-11-30T18:00:15","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T18:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/?p=6807"},"modified":"2025-11-24T16:04:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T16:04:00","slug":"taskla-tamazight-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%af%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%ba%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b8-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/?p=6807","title":{"rendered":"taskla tamazight \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i>\n\t\t\t taskla tamazight \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d<\/strong><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631*<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

<\/h3>\n

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<\/a>\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/u><\/strong> :<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

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<\/a>\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n

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\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d -\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627- \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u0647 “amawal n tmazight tatrart”(7) \u0623\u064a “\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629”\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627” \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “litt\u00e9rature”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0623\u0633\u0643\u0651\u064a\u0644” \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 “lettre”\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u0629 “\u0623\u0633\u0643\u0651\u064a\u0644” \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627” \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 “litt\u00e9rature”\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “litt\u00e9rature” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “lettre”.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0641 “L” \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

Lettre (alphabitique): Askkil, iskkiln- Litt\u00e9rature\u00a0: taskla, tiskliwin \u00a0–<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 ” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a”(8) \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

“\u0627\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0628: \u0627\u0645\u0648<\/em>\u06af<\/em>\u0646\u062a<\/em>\u060c \u0625\u063a\u0631\u062a –\u00a0 \u0627\u062f\u0628 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629): \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0648<\/em>\u06af<\/em>\u0646\u062a<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0633\u063a\u0631\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u0628: \u0627\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646<\/em>…”.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0623\u064a “litt\u00e9rature”\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0623\u0633\u0643\u0651\u064a\u0644” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641” \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u062d\u0631\u0641” \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :<\/p>\n

“\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0644\/\u062c\/ \u0626\u0633\u0643\u0651\u064a\u0644\u0646 \u2013 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646\u063a\u062a\/\u062c\/ \u062a\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627\u063a”(9).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 “\u0621\u064a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0646\u06af\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u063a \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0644” \u0623\u064a “\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629” \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0623\u0645\u0648\u062f”(10) \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0647\u0648 “\u0623\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u062d\u0646\u062f”(11)\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627” \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628”(12). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 “\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0632 \u062f \u062a\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u063a \u062a\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u062a”. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0648\u062a” \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1991 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u062a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627”\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\/1992\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0633\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u062a: \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a”(13)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a” \u0633\u0646\u0629 1992 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a 17 \u064818 \u0645\u0627\u064a 1991\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628”.\u00a0\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628 ” \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0648\u062a: \u0623\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u063a \u0624\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0644”(14) \u0623\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0648\u062a” \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f”.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0638\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0644”(15) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (1988-1991) \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627” \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628” \u0623\u0648 “la litt\u00e9rature”\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628:<\/p>\n

” \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u062a \u0632\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0643\u0651 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0643\u060c \u062a\u06af\u0627 \u063a \u062a\u0648\u06af\u062a \u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u00a0\u0646 \u064a\u064a\u0644\u0633”(16).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064a: “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a..”.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627” \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628”\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d ” \u0626\u0633\u0643\u0651\u064a\u0644\u0646” \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628” \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645.”\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627” \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0643\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1987\u061f \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 12 \u0634\u062a\u0646\u0628\u06311987 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a” \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 16 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1987 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1990\u060c \u0627\u064a \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627” \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627” \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a(17) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627” \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628” \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “litt\u00e9rature” \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627” \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “Litt\u00e9rature” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 “\u0623\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0644- lettre”\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0629\u00a0 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0643\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 “Litt\u00e9rature”.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0623\u062f\u0628” \u0627\u0648 “litt\u00e9rature” \u0625\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0632\u063a\u064a” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 (18).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634: <\/u><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 “amawal n tmazight tatrart”\u060c \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0631, \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 1972 \u06481973\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1980 .<\/li>\n
  • \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0635 376\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0634\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u2013 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 2004<\/li>\n
  • \u0633\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c “\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649”\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 2002\u060c \u0635 5.<\/li>\n
  • \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a”\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1834 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0646\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646\u061b \u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 2004.<\/li>\n
  • \u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 “\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f”\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c. \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 32\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2012.<\/li>\n
  • \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0639” \u062c 1\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c 1977\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n
  • \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0631, \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 1972 \u06481973\u060c \u0644\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1974 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1980 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 ” \u0625\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0646”.<\/li>\n
  • \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0623\u062f\u0628”\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645).<\/li>\n
  • \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u062d\u0631\u0641”\u060c \u0635 261.<\/li>\n
  • \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1990\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a 4 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n
  • \u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u064a.<\/li>\n
  • \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0635 62. \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627: “\u0645\u0627\u062e \u0644\u0651\u064a\u063a \u062a\u06af\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0621\u064a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u061f”.<\/li>\n
  • “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u062a: \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a”\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1991\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 1992.<\/li>\n
  • \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0635 181.<\/li>\n
  • “\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0644”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c 1994\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/li>\n
  • \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0635 11.<\/li>\n
  • \u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
  • \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0627”.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

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