{"id":9068,"date":"2026-04-30T18:00:07","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T18:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/?p=9068"},"modified":"2026-04-27T20:22:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T20:22:24","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/?p=9068","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 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\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c. &#8221; (<\/strong><strong>Klein, 2012, p. 86<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646 Jean-Pierre Klein \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 <strong>&#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629.&#8221;<\/strong> <strong>(<\/strong><strong>Klein, 2012, p. 106<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 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name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1994 \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0640 <strong>&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a.&#8221;<\/strong> <strong>(\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0637\u064a: 2012\u060c \u06353)<\/strong> <strong>\u0648<\/strong>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c 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src=\"https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u0631\u0633\u0645-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-\u0638\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629-\u062f\u0648\u0646-\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646-\u0623\u0630\u0646\u064a\u0646-\u0644\u0647\u0627.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"130\" height=\"226\" \/><\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0635\u0648\u0631\u06293: \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0638\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0630\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0623\u0630\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064f\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631.&#8221; (<\/strong><strong>Bast\u00e9 et autre\u00a0: 2017, p. 28<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #018288;\"><strong><u>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629:<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a 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\u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><strong>Le collage et l\u2019assemblage<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 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\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u062c\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623.\u062f. \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c (2006) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0635\u0648\u0631\u06296). <strong>(\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0646: 2014\u060c \u0635 92)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-9074\" src=\"https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-5-\u06486-300x130.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-5-\u06486-300x130.jpg 300w, https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-5-\u06486.jpg 586w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c Erin Partridge \u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 <strong>&#8220;\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645&#8221; (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c: 2020) <\/strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u063a\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0644\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u062a &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0628\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0635 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062c (\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 7).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9075 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"227\" height=\"156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-7.jpg 227w, https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-7-110x75.jpg 110w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0635\u0648\u0631\u06297: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0645\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643 (\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #018288;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 <\/strong><strong>La mosa\u00efque<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062c\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 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wp-image-9081\" src=\"https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-15.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"112\" height=\"192\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062915: \u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u062f\u062c\u0627\u0631 (1976)\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0632.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c (2021)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u062f.\u0637)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c (\u062f.\u0628)\u060c \u0635 74\u060c 408.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633\u060c (2016)\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 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\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f (\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645)\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c (\u062f.\u0628)\u060c \u0635 214\u060c 282-283\u060c 324.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u062c\u0628\u060c (2019)\u060c \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646&#8230; \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u062f.\u0637)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (2014)\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c (\u062f.\u0637)\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u062f.\u0628)\u060c \u0635 92.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (2023)\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u060c (\u062f.\u0637)\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u062f.\u0628)\u060c \u0635 8.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u060c (1982)\u060c \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649\u060c (\u062f.\u0637)\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)\u060c (\u062f.\u0628)\u060c \u0635 16.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (2008)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 &#8220;\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c 2\u060c \u0639 39\u060c \u0635 7\u060c 9.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c (2012)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639 77\u060c \u0635 3\u060c 4.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c (2006)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635 21\u060c 38.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c (2019)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639 2\u060c \u0635 255.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Atkins, Beryl T. et autres, (1995), Dictionnaire le Robert &amp; Collins Senior : fran\u00e7ais anglais- anglais fran\u00e7ais, 4\u00e9me \u00e9d, Dictionnaires Le Robert, Paris, p. 48.<\/p>\n<p>Bast\u00e9, Sylvie et autre, (2017), Pratiques d\u2019une art-th\u00e9rapeute, 1re \u00e9d, Les \u00e9ditions d\u2019ithaque, Paris, p. 25, 28, 31, 58, 59.<\/p>\n<p>Blanchet, Marie-Soleil, (2015), Le livre-textile: Un outil d&#8217;intervention facilitant l&#8217;expression et la communication de l&#8217;enfant sourd gestuel en art-th\u00e9rapie, (N.D), Universit\u00e9 Concordia (Ma\u00eetrise \u00e9s arts), Canada, p. 24, 30.<\/p>\n<p>Boyer-Labrouche, Annie, (1992), Manuel d\u2019art-th\u00e9rapie, 1er \u00e9d, Dunod, Paris, p. 63, 66, 67.<\/p>\n<p>Doron, Roland et Parot, Fran\u00e7oise, (1991), Dictionnaire de psychologie, 1<sup>er<\/sup> \u00e9d, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, p. 61, 287.<\/p>\n<p>Gillis, Alain, (1994), Peinture D\u2019origine\u00a0: encontre esth\u00e9tique avec des enfants pr\u00e9sentant des troubles de la communication, (N.R), Societ\u00e9 Nouvelle Adam Biro, Paris, p. 79.<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u00ebs, Ren\u00e9 et Anzieu, Didier et autres, (1997), Crise Rupture et D\u00e9passement, 1<sup>er<\/sup> \u00e9d, Dunod, Paris, p. 205.<\/p>\n<p>Klein, Jean-Pierre, (2012), Penser l\u2019art-th\u00e9rapie, 1<sup>er<\/sup> \u00e9d, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, p. 69, 86, 105, 106.<\/p>\n<p>Lafon, Robert, (2010), Vocabulaire de psychop\u00e9dagogie et de psychiatrie de l\u2019enfant, 3<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> \u00e9dition, PUF, France, p. 389.<\/p>\n<p>Lesoeurs, Guy, (1985), Analyse d\u2019ouvrage \u00ab Le MOI-PEAU\u00a0: Didier Anzieu \u00bb, (N.R), Editions Dunod (Psychaanalyse.com), Paris.<\/p>\n<p>Nakov, Anastasia, Bablet, Dominique et Desnot, Dominique, (2013), L\u2019art de l\u2019enfant\u00a0; l\u2019enfance de l\u2019art\u00a0: art-th\u00e9rapie\u00a0; autisme\u00a0; supervision, (N.R), Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, p. 25, 90.<\/p>\n<p>Roudinesco, \u00c9lisabeth et Plon, Michel, (1997), Dictionnaire de la Psychanalyse, (N.R), Librairie Arth\u00e8me Fayard, (N.D), p. 1075.<\/p>\n<p>Souriau, \u00c9tienne, (1990), Vocabulaire d\u2019esth\u00e9tique, 1<sup>er<\/sup> \u00e9d, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, p. 310.<\/p>\n<p>Zerroual, Naima, (2017), Intervention en Art-th\u00e9rapie\u00a0: M\u00e9diation Tissage, (N.R), l\u2019association Art-Th\u00e9rapie Virtus (Formation DEAES), (N.D), p. 9.<\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0628\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #018288;\">\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u06294: \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>La fresque<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u00a0\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><strong>Le collage et l\u2019assemblage<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0634\u0638\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 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\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062911: \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c: \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 <\/strong><strong>Le modelage et la sculpture<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f 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\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062914: \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0636\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0630\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a 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\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648&#8221;\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0633 <\/strong><strong>Les marionnettes<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062915: \u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u062f\u062c\u0627\u0631 (1976)\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0632.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0630 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a 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&#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629&#8230;&#8221; (<\/strong><strong>Nakov et al.\u00a0: 2013, p. 25<\/strong><strong>) <\/strong>\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 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\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c (2021)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u062f.\u0637)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c (\u062f.\u0628)\u060c \u0635 74\u060c 408.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633\u060c (2016)\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641)\u060c (\u062f.\u0637)\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c (\u062f.\u0628)\u060c \u0635 9\u060c 35-36\u060c 44.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633\u060c (2024)\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0633\u060c \u0635 15.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c (2021)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f (\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645)\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c (\u062f.\u0628)\u060c \u0635 214\u060c 282-283\u060c 324.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u062c\u0628\u060c (2019)\u060c \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646&#8230; \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u062f.\u0637)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (2014)\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c (\u062f.\u0637)\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u062f.\u0628)\u060c \u0635 92.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (2023)\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u060c (\u062f.\u0637)\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u062f.\u0628)\u060c \u0635 8.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u060c (1982)\u060c \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649\u060c (\u062f.\u0637)\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)\u060c (\u062f.\u0628)\u060c \u0635 16.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (2008)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 &#8220;\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c 2\u060c \u0639 39\u060c \u0635 7\u060c 9.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c (2012)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639 77\u060c \u0635 3\u060c 4.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c (2006)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635 21\u060c 38.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c (2019)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639 2\u060c \u0635 255.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Atkins, Beryl T. et autres, (1995), Dictionnaire le Robert &amp; Collins Senior : fran\u00e7ais anglais- anglais fran\u00e7ais, 4\u00e9me \u00e9d, Dictionnaires Le Robert, Paris, p. 48.<\/p>\n<p>Bast\u00e9, Sylvie et autre, (2017), Pratiques d\u2019une art-th\u00e9rapeute, 1re \u00e9d, Les \u00e9ditions d\u2019ithaque, Paris, p. 25, 28, 31, 58, 59.<\/p>\n<p>Blanchet, Marie-Soleil, (2015), Le livre-textile: Un outil d&#8217;intervention facilitant l&#8217;expression et la communication de l&#8217;enfant sourd gestuel en art-th\u00e9rapie, (N.D), Universit\u00e9 Concordia (Ma\u00eetrise \u00e9s arts), Canada, p. 24, 30.<\/p>\n<p>Boyer-Labrouche, Annie, (1992), Manuel d\u2019art-th\u00e9rapie, 1er \u00e9d, Dunod, Paris, p. 63, 66, 67.<\/p>\n<p>Doron, Roland et Parot, Fran\u00e7oise, (1991), Dictionnaire de psychologie, 1<sup>er<\/sup> \u00e9d, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, p. 61, 287.<\/p>\n<p>Gillis, Alain, (1994), Peinture D\u2019origine\u00a0: encontre esth\u00e9tique avec des enfants pr\u00e9sentant des troubles de la communication, (N.R), Societ\u00e9 Nouvelle Adam Biro, Paris, p. 79.<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u00ebs, Ren\u00e9 et Anzieu, Didier et autres, (1997), Crise Rupture et D\u00e9passement, 1<sup>er<\/sup> \u00e9d, Dunod, Paris, p. 205.<\/p>\n<p>Klein, Jean-Pierre, (2012), Penser l\u2019art-th\u00e9rapie, 1<sup>er<\/sup> \u00e9d, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, p. 69, 86, 105, 106.<\/p>\n<p>Lafon, Robert, (2010), Vocabulaire de psychop\u00e9dagogie et de psychiatrie de l\u2019enfant, 3<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> \u00e9dition, PUF, France, p. 389.<\/p>\n<p>Lesoeurs, Guy, (1985), Analyse d\u2019ouvrage \u00ab Le MOI-PEAU\u00a0: Didier Anzieu \u00bb, (N.R), Editions Dunod (Psychaanalyse.com), Paris.<\/p>\n<p>Nakov, Anastasia, Bablet, Dominique et Desnot, Dominique, (2013), L\u2019art de l\u2019enfant\u00a0; l\u2019enfance de l\u2019art\u00a0: art-th\u00e9rapie\u00a0; autisme\u00a0; supervision, (N.R), Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, p. 25, 90.<\/p>\n<p>Roudinesco, \u00c9lisabeth et Plon, Michel, (1997), Dictionnaire de la Psychanalyse, (N.R), Librairie Arth\u00e8me Fayard, (N.D), p. 1075.<\/p>\n<p>Souriau, \u00c9tienne, (1990), Vocabulaire d\u2019esth\u00e9tique, 1<sup>er<\/sup> \u00e9d, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, p. 310.<\/p>\n<p>Zerroual, Naima, (2017), Intervention en Art-th\u00e9rapie\u00a0: M\u00e9diation Tissage, (N.R), l\u2019association Art-Th\u00e9rapie Virtus (Formation DEAES), (N.D), p. 9.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 (AATA) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 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