{"id":9186,"date":"2026-04-30T18:00:53","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T18:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/?p=9186"},"modified":"2026-04-28T09:10:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T09:10:38","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%ab%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/madaratealthakafia.com\/?p=9186","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 – \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i>\n\t\t\t \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/strong>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/i>\n\t\t\t \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 <\/strong>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/span><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u0645\u064a*<\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 (Psychopathology of the Masses) \u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 “\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629” \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u200b\u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u200b\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 “\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f” \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 “\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f”.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n

\u200b\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u200b\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 “\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f” \u0623\u0648 “\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0636”\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u200b\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u200b\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u200b\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n

\u200b\u063a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646:<\/strong> \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 “\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631” (1895). \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0632.<\/p>\n

\u200b\u0633\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627”\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 “\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629” \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u200b\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0634:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631”\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n

\u200b\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u200b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> <\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u200b\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u200b\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645:<\/strong><\/span> \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 “\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f” \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u200b\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/span>:<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627” \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f “\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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